A TALE OF TRADITION AND INNOVATION: ICELAND’S ENDURING SEAFOOD HERITAGE AND MODERN INDUSTRY

A tale of tradition and innovation: Iceland’s enduring seafood heritage and modern industry. The first of a series of features by Fish Focus, starting with our spotlight on Iceland. We will be posting an article every day, covering this amazing trip and showcasing the Icelandic Seafood industry, Icelandic heritage and the hospitality of the Icelandic people. You can read the whole publication here

Iceland is renowned for its breath-taking landscapes, geothermal wonders, and rich cultural heritage. Central to this is Iceland’s deep and enduring connection with the sea. The country’s seafood industry is not only a cornerstone of the economy but also a vital part of its cultural identity, shaped by centuries of tradition, innovation, and sustainable practices.

Historical Roots

The history of Iceland’s seafood heritage dates to the settlement period in the 9th century when the Norse settlers first arrived. The harsh and rugged terrain of Iceland made agriculture
challenging, leading the early inhabitants to turn to the bountiful surrounding seas for sustenance. Fishing quickly became a primary means of survival, with cod, haddock, and herring playing crucial roles in the diet and economy of early Icelanders. Throughout the Middle Ages, fishing techniques evolved, and the trade of dried fish, particularly stockfish, became a significant economic activity. This trade expanded Iceland’s reach to European markets, establishing its reputation as a reliable source of high-quality fish. By the 19th and early 20th centuries, the advent of mechanised fishing vessels and improved preservation methods such as salting and freezing further boosted the industry.

Modern Seafood Industry

Today, Iceland’s seafood industry is one of the most advanced and sustainable in the world. The country boasts an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of approximately 758,000 square kilometres, providing access to rich fishing grounds. The industry is dominated by a diverse range of species, including cod, haddock, pollock and mackerel, as well as shellfish and crustaceans.

Icelandic fisheries operate under strict regulations designed to ensure sustainability. The Marine Research Institute conducts extensive research to monitor fish stocks and recommend catch quotas, which are enforced by the Directorate of Fisheries. This science-based management approach has been instrumental in maintaining healthy fish populations and preventing overfishing.

Cultural Significance

Seafood is deeply ingrained in Icelandic culture and cuisine. Traditional dishes such as “plokkfiskur” (a fish stew made from boiled fish and potatoes), “harðfiskur” (dried fish), and “gravlax”
(cured salmon) reflect the country’s maritime heritage. Festivals like Þorrablót celebrate Icelandic food traditions, including a variety of seafood dishes. The Icelandic respect for the sea is
evident in the cultural narratives and folklore that emphasise the importance of the ocean and its resources. Stories of sea gods and mythical creatures are woven into the cultural fabric, highlighting the profound connection between Icelanders and the sea.

Innovation and Sustainability

Innovation has always been at the heart of Iceland’s approach to seafood. The country is a leader in fish processing technology, utilising advanced methods to maximise the value of each catch.
Innovations such as fish protein hydrolysates and fish oil extraction from by-products are examples of how Icelandic companies turn every part of the fish into valuable products, embodying the principles of a circular economy.

Iceland’s commitment to sustainability is also reflected in its aquaculture industry, which complements wild fisheries. The focus on sustainable farming practices ensures minimal environmental impact and high standards of fish welfare. Companies like Iceland Ocean Cluster are driving forward-thinking initiatives to further enhance the sustainability and profitability of the seafood sector.

Global Influence

Icelandic seafood is highly prized worldwide for its quality and sustainability. The country exports a significant portion of its catch to international markets, contributing to its global reputation as a seafood powerhouse. Iceland’s stringent fisheries management and innovative practices serve as a model for other nations seeking to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.